The effect of crowds on darts performance
- Andreas Schwaab
- Sports
”The atmosphere is so tense, if Elvis walked in with a portion of chips, you could hear the vinegar sizzle on them.“
– Sid Waddell (1940-2012)
Darts is experiencing a remarkable surge in popularity. The 2024 PDC World Championship final became the most-watched non-football event in Sky Sports history with nearly 5 million people watching [1]. With new stars like Luke Littler and Luke Humphries rising through the ranks, the sport is drawing a larger audience than ever before. Unlike other individual sports, such as tennis or golf, where silence is expected during play, the darts audience is known for its vibrant energy – singing, cheering, and even booing players during the games. This lively atmosphere reflects the sport’s origins in pub culture, where it was traditionally played [2]. However, this raises an interesting question: Does an active, often loud audience affect players’ performance under pressure in a precise motor-skill game like darts?
Social facilitation: The psychological factor in darts performance
Most people, whether involved in sports or not, are familiar with the concept of choking under pressure, where heightened stress leads to underperformance [3]. However, another perspective on performance under pressure is called social facilitation [4]. This well-established social psychology theory suggests that performance in front of an audience can either improve, decline, or remain unaffected, depending on the task. Specifically, simple, well-rehearsed tasks tend to improve with an audience, while complex or less-practiced tasks may suffer. Although throwing darts requires finely tuned motor skills, the repetitive nature of nearly identical movements from the same distance creates a highly standardized, automatic action—making it closer to a “simple task” than, for example, putting a golf ball.
Research shows that professional darts players, on average, do not choke under pressure [5,6]. However, individual differences remain, with some players thriving under an audience’s gaze while others struggle, supporting the social facilitation theory in darts. This variability underlines the importance of self-awareness: Knowing the conditions under which you perform best. It’s why many professional players either engage with the crowd to build energy or signal for calm to maintain focus, adapting the environment to their own optimal performance style.
Did COVID-19 influence darts performance?
During COVID-19, researchers seized the opportunity to study the impact of different audience conditions – no audience, simulated audience, and live audience – on professional darts performance [6,7]. One of the most important performance measures is the checkout percentage, which indicates what percentage of darts you successfully throw at a double field (the outer red/green ring) in order to win a “leg” (one game of going from 501 to 0). One study found no clear effect of audience presence on checkout percentage [6], while another observed a slight trend: Checkout percentages were lowest with a live audience and highest with no audience [7]. However, these effects were small, and player performance varied significantly even within the same setting, suggesting individual differences played a large role. A theory that emerged suggests that less experienced players struggle more under match-winning pressure when aiming for the more challenging double fields in order to win, while they perform relatively well with standard shots like hitting the triple 20 (this field gives you the highest possible number on a dartboard which is why it is most frequently aimed for) [6,8]. In contrast, experienced players are more accustomed to the match-winning pressure. Still they may find unusual circumstances unsettling such as playing without any audience presence. Even Gerwyn Price, who in contrast enjoyed one of his best seasons during the pandemic and later used ear defenders to block out crowd noise, shows no long-term decline from audience hostility [9]. This indicates that, while audience dynamics can influence performance in the moment, their long-term effects are less conclusive.
Our advice: Practice playing your sport in front of an audience. Tell your friends to distract you while you are performing. This way you will get better at blocking out distractions and staying focused.
#trainyourbrain
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References
[1] PDC Final article: Link
[2] Wikipedia “Darts”: Link
[3] Choking under pressure article: Link
[4] Wikipedia “Social facilitation”: Link
[5] PLOS ONE article: Link
[6] Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports article: Link
[7] Scientific Reports article: Link
[8] Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization article: Link
[9] Dartsorakel Blog article: Link